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total pkr  (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)


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    Structured Review

    Santa Cruz Biotechnology total pkr
    DsRNA-stimulated GSDME pore formation, GSDMD inactivation, and caspase-3 activation are <t>PKR</t> dependent NHBE cells were treated with DMSO vehicle control or PKR inhibitor C16 (2 μM) for 1 h before transfection with 2.5 μg/mL pIC. (A) Inhibition of dsRNA-stimulated phosphorylation of PKR by C16 treatment. Cell lysates (WCL) were harvested at 6 h after treatment and immunoblotted for phospho-PKR ( p -PKR), <t>total</t> <t>PKR,</t> and β-actin. (B) GSDME activation and GSDMD inactivation are PKR dependent. Cell lysates (WCL) and supernatants (SN) were harvested at 6 h and immunoblotted for GSDMD, GSDME, caspase-3, and β-actin. (C) Lytic cell death was assessed by measuring LDH release in the supernatant at 8 and 24 h. (D–F) Secretion of IL-1β (D), IL-1α (E), and IL-6 (F) was quantified by ELISA at 8 and 24 h. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. Other data are mean ± SEM of three independent biological experiments, each performed in triplicate. ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test.
    Total Pkr, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 49 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/total+pkr/PKR/pmc10480325-15-0-3
    Average 93 stars, based on 49 article reviews
    total pkr - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores"

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores

    Journal: iScience

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107698

    DsRNA-stimulated GSDME pore formation, GSDMD inactivation, and caspase-3 activation are PKR dependent NHBE cells were treated with DMSO vehicle control or PKR inhibitor C16 (2 μM) for 1 h before transfection with 2.5 μg/mL pIC. (A) Inhibition of dsRNA-stimulated phosphorylation of PKR by C16 treatment. Cell lysates (WCL) were harvested at 6 h after treatment and immunoblotted for phospho-PKR ( p -PKR), total PKR, and β-actin. (B) GSDME activation and GSDMD inactivation are PKR dependent. Cell lysates (WCL) and supernatants (SN) were harvested at 6 h and immunoblotted for GSDMD, GSDME, caspase-3, and β-actin. (C) Lytic cell death was assessed by measuring LDH release in the supernatant at 8 and 24 h. (D–F) Secretion of IL-1β (D), IL-1α (E), and IL-6 (F) was quantified by ELISA at 8 and 24 h. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. Other data are mean ± SEM of three independent biological experiments, each performed in triplicate. ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test.
    Figure Legend Snippet: DsRNA-stimulated GSDME pore formation, GSDMD inactivation, and caspase-3 activation are PKR dependent NHBE cells were treated with DMSO vehicle control or PKR inhibitor C16 (2 μM) for 1 h before transfection with 2.5 μg/mL pIC. (A) Inhibition of dsRNA-stimulated phosphorylation of PKR by C16 treatment. Cell lysates (WCL) were harvested at 6 h after treatment and immunoblotted for phospho-PKR ( p -PKR), total PKR, and β-actin. (B) GSDME activation and GSDMD inactivation are PKR dependent. Cell lysates (WCL) and supernatants (SN) were harvested at 6 h and immunoblotted for GSDMD, GSDME, caspase-3, and β-actin. (C) Lytic cell death was assessed by measuring LDH release in the supernatant at 8 and 24 h. (D–F) Secretion of IL-1β (D), IL-1α (E), and IL-6 (F) was quantified by ELISA at 8 and 24 h. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. Other data are mean ± SEM of three independent biological experiments, each performed in triplicate. ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Transfection, Inhibition, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot


    Figure Legend Snippet:

    Techniques Used: Virus, Recombinant, Molecular Weight, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cytotoxicity Assay, Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay, Sequencing, Negative Control, Software

    Related Articles

    Activation Assay:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Transfection:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Inhibition:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Virus:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Recombinant:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Molecular Weight:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Cytotoxicity Assay:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Sequencing:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Negative Control:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Software:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Infection:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    High Molecular Weight:

    Article Title: nc886 is induced by TGF-β and suppresses the microRNA pathway in ovarian cancer
    Article Snippet: The information about antibodies is; phospho-PKR (cat# ab32036 from AbCam, Cambridge, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total PKR (cat# sc-707 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX; diluted to 1/3000), phospho-eIF2α (cat# 9721S from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA; diluted to 1/3000), total eIF2α (cat# 9722S from Cell Signaling Technology; diluted to 1/3000), and β-actin (cat# sc-81178 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; diluted to 1/5000).

    Article Title: Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1
    Article Snippet: Antibodies against the following were used: pTRS1 (1:100 [ 43 ]), His (1:1,000; CST; number 2365S), total PKR (1:1,000; Santa Cruz; sc-707), phospho-PKR (Thr446) (1:1,000; Abcam; ab32036), Myc (1:1,000; CST; number 2276S), Flag (1:1,000; Sigma; F3165), eIF2α (1:1,000; CST; number 9722S), phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (1:1,000; CST; number 3398S), HRI (1:1,000; Abcam; ab28530), and tubulin (1:20,000; Sigma; T6199).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Catsc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores
    Article Snippet: Nitrocellulose membranes were probed with primary antibodies for either GSDMD (G7422, Sigma-Aldrich 1/1000; HPA044487, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/1000), GSDME (ab215191, Abcam, 1/1000), Caspase-1 (AG-20B-0048, Adipogen, 1/1000), Caspase-3 (9661, Cell signaling, 1/1000), Caspase-8 (9746, Cell Signaling, 1/500), IL-1α (500-P21A, PeproTech, 1/500), IL-1β (AF-201-NA, R&D, 1/1000), ASC (sc-514414, Santa Cruz, 1/500), MAVS (sc-166583, Santa Cruz, 1/500), NLRP1 (679802, BioLegend, 1/500), NLRP3 (AG-20B-0014, Adipogen, 1/1000), phospho-PKR (ab32036, Abcam, 1/1000), total PKR (sc-708, Santa Cruz, 1/500), H1N1 IAV nucleocapsid (ab104870, Abcam, 1/1000) and β-actin (A5316, Sigma-Aldrich, 1/5000).

    Article Title: Crystal structure of an adenovirus virus-associated RNA.
    Article Snippet: Additionally, total PKR was quantified on a separate slot blot using Anti-PKR antibody (mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-6282, 1:1300 dilution) and Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated anti-mouse secondary antibody (goat, Invitrogen, with 1:5000 dilution).



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    DsRNA-stimulated GSDME pore formation, GSDMD inactivation, and caspase-3 activation are <t>PKR</t> dependent NHBE cells were treated with DMSO vehicle control or PKR inhibitor C16 (2 μM) for 1 h before transfection with 2.5 μg/mL pIC. (A) Inhibition of dsRNA-stimulated phosphorylation of PKR by C16 treatment. Cell lysates (WCL) were harvested at 6 h after treatment and immunoblotted for phospho-PKR ( p -PKR), <t>total</t> <t>PKR,</t> and β-actin. (B) GSDME activation and GSDMD inactivation are PKR dependent. Cell lysates (WCL) and supernatants (SN) were harvested at 6 h and immunoblotted for GSDMD, GSDME, caspase-3, and β-actin. (C) Lytic cell death was assessed by measuring LDH release in the supernatant at 8 and 24 h. (D–F) Secretion of IL-1β (D), IL-1α (E), and IL-6 (F) was quantified by ELISA at 8 and 24 h. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. Other data are mean ± SEM of three independent biological experiments, each performed in triplicate. ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test.
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    <t>PKR</t> mediates cytokine production by reovirus treated melanoma cells . (A) Melanoma cell lines were seeded in 24 well plates and pre-treated with 2.5 mM 2-AP or equivalent PBS controls, for 2 hours prior to addition of reovirus at the indicated doses. Supernatants were collected after 48 hours and IL-8 levels determined. Data are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. * indicates P < 0.05, by Student's t-test. (B) Mel-624 tumour cells were seeded in 100 mm dishes and transfected with 100 nM PKRV or irrelevant control siRNA. Cell lysates were prepared and western blotted for <t>total</t> <t>PKR,</t> with β-actin used to confirm equal track loading. (C) Mel-624 cells were seeded in 24 well plates and transfected with 100 nM PKRV or irrelevant control siRNA; reovirus was then added at the indicated doses. Supernatants were collected 24 and 48 hours later and IL-8 levels determined. Data are representative of two independent experiments. * indicates P < 0.05 by Student's t-test.
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    <t>PKR</t> mediates cytokine production by reovirus treated melanoma cells . (A) Melanoma cell lines were seeded in 24 well plates and pre-treated with 2.5 mM 2-AP or equivalent PBS controls, for 2 hours prior to addition of reovirus at the indicated doses. Supernatants were collected after 48 hours and IL-8 levels determined. Data are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. * indicates P < 0.05, by Student's t-test. (B) Mel-624 tumour cells were seeded in 100 mm dishes and transfected with 100 nM PKRV or irrelevant control siRNA. Cell lysates were prepared and western blotted for <t>total</t> <t>PKR,</t> with β-actin used to confirm equal track loading. (C) Mel-624 cells were seeded in 24 well plates and transfected with 100 nM PKRV or irrelevant control siRNA; reovirus was then added at the indicated doses. Supernatants were collected 24 and 48 hours later and IL-8 levels determined. Data are representative of two independent experiments. * indicates P < 0.05 by Student's t-test.
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    ( A ) LNCaP cells were transfected with the indicated gene-specific siRNAs or a scramble control and the protein levels <t>of</t> <t>HRI,</t> PERK, or <t>PKR</t> and p-eIF2α, total eIF2α, and ATF4 were measured by immunoblot. Measurements of actin were used as a protein loading control in the immunoblot experiments. Molecular weight markers are shown in kilodaltons. ( B ) The indicated PCa cell lines were transfected with siRNAs targeting GCN2 or ATF4. Protein lysates were prepared and analyzed by immunoblot to determine the levels of GCN2, ATF4, or actin as indicated. ATF4 was not detected in the LAPC-4 cells.
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    Image Search Results


    KEY RESOURCES TABLE

    Journal: Cell reports

    Article Title: XRN1 deletion induces PKR-dependent cell lethality in interferon-activated cancer cells

    doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113600

    Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

    Article Snippet: Rabbit polyclonal anti-total PKR , Cell Signaling Technology , Cat# 3072; RRID: AB_2277600.

    Techniques: Recombinant, Protease Inhibitor, Western Blot, Stripping, Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay, Transfection, Cell Viability Assay, Gene Expression, Control, CRISPR, Gene Knockout, Clone Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Expressing, Software

    DsRNA-stimulated GSDME pore formation, GSDMD inactivation, and caspase-3 activation are PKR dependent NHBE cells were treated with DMSO vehicle control or PKR inhibitor C16 (2 μM) for 1 h before transfection with 2.5 μg/mL pIC. (A) Inhibition of dsRNA-stimulated phosphorylation of PKR by C16 treatment. Cell lysates (WCL) were harvested at 6 h after treatment and immunoblotted for phospho-PKR ( p -PKR), total PKR, and β-actin. (B) GSDME activation and GSDMD inactivation are PKR dependent. Cell lysates (WCL) and supernatants (SN) were harvested at 6 h and immunoblotted for GSDMD, GSDME, caspase-3, and β-actin. (C) Lytic cell death was assessed by measuring LDH release in the supernatant at 8 and 24 h. (D–F) Secretion of IL-1β (D), IL-1α (E), and IL-6 (F) was quantified by ELISA at 8 and 24 h. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. Other data are mean ± SEM of three independent biological experiments, each performed in triplicate. ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test.

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107698

    Figure Lengend Snippet: DsRNA-stimulated GSDME pore formation, GSDMD inactivation, and caspase-3 activation are PKR dependent NHBE cells were treated with DMSO vehicle control or PKR inhibitor C16 (2 μM) for 1 h before transfection with 2.5 μg/mL pIC. (A) Inhibition of dsRNA-stimulated phosphorylation of PKR by C16 treatment. Cell lysates (WCL) were harvested at 6 h after treatment and immunoblotted for phospho-PKR ( p -PKR), total PKR, and β-actin. (B) GSDME activation and GSDMD inactivation are PKR dependent. Cell lysates (WCL) and supernatants (SN) were harvested at 6 h and immunoblotted for GSDMD, GSDME, caspase-3, and β-actin. (C) Lytic cell death was assessed by measuring LDH release in the supernatant at 8 and 24 h. (D–F) Secretion of IL-1β (D), IL-1α (E), and IL-6 (F) was quantified by ELISA at 8 and 24 h. Immunoblots are representative of three independent experiments. Other data are mean ± SEM of three independent biological experiments, each performed in triplicate. ns: not significant, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01 and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 by unpaired Student’s t test.

    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Cat#sc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Transfection, Inhibition, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

    Journal: iScience

    Article Title: Viral sensing by epithelial cells involves PKR- and caspase-3-dependent generation of gasdermin E pores

    doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107698

    Figure Lengend Snippet:

    Article Snippet: Total PKR , Santa Cruz , Cat#sc-708; RRID: AB_632247.

    Techniques: Virus, Recombinant, Molecular Weight, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cytotoxicity Assay, Lactate Dehydrogenase Assay, Sequencing, Negative Control, Software

    PKR mediates cytokine production by reovirus treated melanoma cells . (A) Melanoma cell lines were seeded in 24 well plates and pre-treated with 2.5 mM 2-AP or equivalent PBS controls, for 2 hours prior to addition of reovirus at the indicated doses. Supernatants were collected after 48 hours and IL-8 levels determined. Data are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. * indicates P < 0.05, by Student's t-test. (B) Mel-624 tumour cells were seeded in 100 mm dishes and transfected with 100 nM PKRV or irrelevant control siRNA. Cell lysates were prepared and western blotted for total PKR, with β-actin used to confirm equal track loading. (C) Mel-624 cells were seeded in 24 well plates and transfected with 100 nM PKRV or irrelevant control siRNA; reovirus was then added at the indicated doses. Supernatants were collected 24 and 48 hours later and IL-8 levels determined. Data are representative of two independent experiments. * indicates P < 0.05 by Student's t-test.

    Journal: Molecular Cancer

    Article Title: Pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production by reovirus treated melanoma cells is PKR/NF-κB mediated and supports innate and adaptive anti-tumour immune priming

    doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-20

    Figure Lengend Snippet: PKR mediates cytokine production by reovirus treated melanoma cells . (A) Melanoma cell lines were seeded in 24 well plates and pre-treated with 2.5 mM 2-AP or equivalent PBS controls, for 2 hours prior to addition of reovirus at the indicated doses. Supernatants were collected after 48 hours and IL-8 levels determined. Data are representative of at least 3 independent experiments. * indicates P < 0.05, by Student's t-test. (B) Mel-624 tumour cells were seeded in 100 mm dishes and transfected with 100 nM PKRV or irrelevant control siRNA. Cell lysates were prepared and western blotted for total PKR, with β-actin used to confirm equal track loading. (C) Mel-624 cells were seeded in 24 well plates and transfected with 100 nM PKRV or irrelevant control siRNA; reovirus was then added at the indicated doses. Supernatants were collected 24 and 48 hours later and IL-8 levels determined. Data are representative of two independent experiments. * indicates P < 0.05 by Student's t-test.

    Article Snippet: Membranes were probed with antibodies against total PKR (BD Transduction Laboratories), I-κB (Santa Cruz) and p65 NF-κB (Upstate).

    Techniques: Transfection, Western Blot

    ( A ) LNCaP cells were transfected with the indicated gene-specific siRNAs or a scramble control and the protein levels of HRI, PERK, or PKR and p-eIF2α, total eIF2α, and ATF4 were measured by immunoblot. Measurements of actin were used as a protein loading control in the immunoblot experiments. Molecular weight markers are shown in kilodaltons. ( B ) The indicated PCa cell lines were transfected with siRNAs targeting GCN2 or ATF4. Protein lysates were prepared and analyzed by immunoblot to determine the levels of GCN2, ATF4, or actin as indicated. ATF4 was not detected in the LAPC-4 cells.

    Journal: eLife

    Article Title: GCN2 eIF2 kinase promotes prostate cancer by maintaining amino acid homeostasis

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.81083

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) LNCaP cells were transfected with the indicated gene-specific siRNAs or a scramble control and the protein levels of HRI, PERK, or PKR and p-eIF2α, total eIF2α, and ATF4 were measured by immunoblot. Measurements of actin were used as a protein loading control in the immunoblot experiments. Molecular weight markers are shown in kilodaltons. ( B ) The indicated PCa cell lines were transfected with siRNAs targeting GCN2 or ATF4. Protein lysates were prepared and analyzed by immunoblot to determine the levels of GCN2, ATF4, or actin as indicated. ATF4 was not detected in the LAPC-4 cells.

    Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were as follows: phospho-GCN2-T899 (Abcam Cat. #ab75836, RRID: AB_1310260 ), total GCN2 (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #3302, RRID: AB_2277617 ), total PERK (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #3192, RRID: AB_2095847 ), total HRI (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat. #sc-365239, RRID: AB_10843794 ), total PKR (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #12297, RRID: AB_2665515 ), phospho-eIF2α-S51 (Abcam Cat. #ab32157, RRID: AB_732117 ), total eIF2α (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #5324, RRID: AB_10692650 ), ATF4 (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #11815, RRID: AB_2616025 ), or custom rabbit polyclonal antibody which was prepared against full-length recombinant human ATF4 protein and affinity purified, ASNS (Cell Signaling Technology, Cat. #20843S), TRIB3 (Abcam Cat. #ab75846, RRID: AB_1310768 ), GADD34 (Proteintech Cat. #10449-1-AP, RRID: AB_2168724 ), SLC7A5/LAT1 (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #5347, RRID: AB_10695104 ), SLC7A11/xCT (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #12691, RRID: AB_2687474 ), SLC3A2/4F2 (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #47213, RRID: AB_2799323 ), SCL7A1/CAT1 (Proteintech Cat. #14195-1-AP, RRID: AB_2190723 ), SLC1A4/ASCT1 (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #8442, RRID: AB_10828382 ), SLC1A5/ASCT2 (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #5345, RRID: AB_10621427 ), AR (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #5153, RRID: AB_10691711 ), puromycin (Millipore Cat. #MABE343, RRID: AB_2566826 ), β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #A5441, RRID: AB_476744 ), and β-tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology Cat. #2146, RRID: AB_2210545 ).

    Techniques: Transfection, Western Blot, Molecular Weight